Healthy Living

Friday, November 27, 2009

Cholesterol: What you need to know

You’ve probably heard that having high cholesterol is bad for you, but do you REALLY understand what it means and why? Believe it or not, it is normal to have cholesterol in your body. It is found in your blood and cells, and it is important to a healthy body because it supports multiple body functions, including the manufacturing of cell membranes and some hormones.  However, too much cholesterol in the blood (known as hypercholesterolemia) may increase your risk for heart disease.

Cholesterol is both manufactured by the body, and comes from foods you eat. In order to understand cholesterol’s impact on your health, I’ve provided a chart of the different terms you have heard and what they really mean

Term Nickname Description Where it Comes from Healthy Numbers
Dietary Cholesterol - Approximately 25 percent of your cholesterol comes from food.  However, it is important to note that the biggest influence on blood cholesterol level is the mix of fats in your diet—not cholesterol from food. Foods from animals contain dietary cholesterol:
  • Egg yolks
  • Meat
  • Poultry
  • Shellfish
  • Whole- and reduced-fat milk and dairy products
The American Heart Association recommends limiting daily cholesterol intake to:
  • < 300 milligrams
  • < 200 milligrams if you have heart disease
Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs) “Bad Cholesterol” May build up in your arteries along with other substances, forming plaque, which restricts blood flow to your heart, brain, and other vital organs.  This directly results in an increased risk for heart disease, including heart attack and stroke.
  • Produced naturally by the body.  Some people inherit genes that cause them to make too much.
  • Eating saturated fat, trans fats and dietary cholesterol also increases how much you have in your blood stream.
Best BELOW100*

(with combined LDL and HDL below 200)

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) “Good Cholesterol” Carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver, where the body can eliminate it.
  • Produced naturally by the body.
  • Eating monounsaturated fats can increase how much you have.
Best ABOVE
  • 50 for women
  • 40 for men

(with combined LDL and HDL below 200)

Triglycerides (Trigs) - A type of fat in the blood. High levels can narrow and harden arteries, making it hard for blood to flow. High levels are often accompanied by high LDL (bad cholesterol) levels and low HDL (good cholesterol) levels.  Again, this results in an increased risk for heart disease.
  • Produced in the liver
  • Comes from fats in the food you eat
Best BELOW  150

* Your ideal LDL number ALSO depends on other risk factors you have, such as your age, family history, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, or low HDL.   Always consult with your doctor about your risk factors and where your numbers should be.

How else can you impact your cholesterol levels?

Most people’s “numbers” are affected by genetics, age and gender…which, for the most part, are out of our control.  Further, medical conditions and medications may cause an elevation of cholesterol levels in the blood. Other than taking cholesterol medication, however, there ARE several ways you can keep your cholesterol and triglyceride numbers as healthy as possible.

  • Diet: Different types of dietary fat have different impacts on your health.   Saturated Fats and Trans Fats may increase LDL; and trans fats increase decrease HDLs.  As a result, it is best to stick with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, while reducing the amount of saturated fat and trans fats and cholesterol in your diet helps lower your blood cholesterol level.  Further, eating a diet high in soluble fiber can help to lower cholesterol levels as well (oats are high in soluble fiber).
  • Physical Activity: Exercising and being active can raise your HDL cholesterol, while lowering your LDL.   Inactivity, however, is a major risk factor for heart disease.  Aim to get 30 minutes of activity on most days.
  • Weight: Being overweight can negatively impact your cholesterol levels. Losing excess-weight can help raise healthy HDLs, lower unhealthy LDLs, total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels.
  • Smoking: Smoking lowers HDL and increases the tendency for your blood to clot…raising risk for heart disease.
  • Alcohol: In certain studies, alcohol has shown to raise HDL.  However, it doesn’t significantly enough to recommend drinking alcohol as a preventative measure.  Always make sure you drink in moderation (1 to drinks per day for men and one per day for women).

Do you have high cholesterol?  What measures are you taking to lower your numbers?



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Comments 1-9 of 9
  • Katie B's Avatar
    Posted by Katie B Thu Oct 22, 2009 11:57am PDT

    I personally do not... though I was almost there earlier this year... but it's something I do have to watch because of family history... I monitor it at the doctors office and at the health fairs my employer hosts for us twice a year...

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  • E. Boost's Avatar
    Posted by E. Boost Mon Oct 26, 2009 8:36am PDT

    My dad's side of the family is very prone to have high cholesterol. So it came to no surprise that a year ago, the doctor told me my cholesterol was a "little" high for a person my age. I thought it was going to be the end of me, but my doctor said diet and exercise could easily help me keep it in balance. I know right? Exercise? They might as well tell me I need to sacrifice my entire life. But my doctor told me that 30 minutes is ALL you need. Yup, just 30 minutes. She even told me that on the days I am menstruating or feeling tired/busy, I can do 15 or do 15 in the morning and 15 in the afternoon so it won't feel like a big strain. My diet has def. changed and I am no longer eating much meat (just chicken-and on ocassions). I think this post was good and it's GOOD to imform people about it. All it takes is a blood test and it's truly worth it.

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  • annie's Avatar
    Posted by annie Mon Oct 26, 2009 3:33pm PDT

    Good article but where is the info on statin medications or niacin therapy? Sugars and booze elevate (indeed TRIPLE) triglycerides. Anyone with elevated LDL and decreased HDL should be following mediterranean diet: or go to American Diabetes Assn home page ADA.org for menus that support lowering LDL cholesterol.

    You're absolutely correct: the Big Three: Hypertension/Diabetes/Hyperlipedemia: tey all work together to kill us off faster......important to get LDL/HDL/trigs in line....

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  • Yusi's Avatar
    Posted by Yusi Mon Oct 26, 2009 8:49pm PDT

    what a good article... so what menus we should take that has good taste n reasonable price??..any suggestion??

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  • nick l.'s Avatar
    Posted by nick l. Mon Oct 26, 2009 9:52pm PDT

    I HAVE NEVER HEARD OF YOU, HOWEVER, WITH ALL DUE RESPECT, IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT YOU RECOMMEND THAT THE PEOPLE THAT READ THIS WEB SITE BE INFORMED THAT YOU CAN NOT GET CORRECT CHOLESTEROL LEVELS UNLESS YOU INCLUDE:

    THE NORMAL TEST ALONG WITH:

    VAP,HOMCYSTEINE AND HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN.

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  • april's Avatar
    Posted by april Tue Oct 27, 2009 5:12am PDT

    I have a friend who has both cholesterol an the start of diabeties"sorry bad speller" I have been trying to help him but he has it in his brain that it's no big thing an won't exerice or anything. How can i get him to help himself????

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  • Brett Blumenthal - Sheer Balance's Avatar
    Posted by Brett Blumenthal - Sheer Balance Tue Oct 27, 2009 9:29am PDT

    april...he has to want to help himself. YOU can't do anything except support him and help educate him so that he knows his risks.

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  • autumn's Avatar
    Posted by autumn Tue Oct 27, 2009 7:04pm PDT

    30 minutes of intense exercise a week (sprints and weight training) lowered my LDL from 134 to 105 and my total cholesterol from 225 to 187. I had always eaten well and stayed fit, but I have a family history of high cholesterol. The trick was to increase the intensity. An extra side benefit is that I really look forward to my time with my personal trainer, and I can now bench press 100 pounds!

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  • Babbalou's Avatar
    Posted by Babbalou Wed Oct 28, 2009 8:31am PDT

    The problem with the standard recommendation to eat a diet lower in fat and dietary cholesterol is that lower fat normally means higher carbohydates. If you have a body that is sensitive to carbs, your test results will just get worse and worse. I was running 5 miles a day, 6 days a week, was only slightly overweight (but trying like a son of a gun to lose those 10 pounds), ate virtually no cholesterol (and only 1500-1800 calories a day), and was constantly hungry and therefore miserable. And here's what happened - my weight didn't change much but my blood cholesterol shot up to nearly 300 and my triglyceride level to almost 350. So I've done a lot of reading on this topic. If you look at the actual results of the studies on diet and heart health, you will see that it's the triglyceride level rather than total cholesterol level that is associated with hearth disease. For some people (I'm one of them), increasing fat and protein and eating very little carbohydrates (no white carbs and very very little complex carbs) will bring that triglyceride level dramatically lower. While I wish it weren't so (I love pizza, black beans, really all carbohydrates) I've realized this is what I have to do. I'm reading the book Good Calories, Bad Calories right now, it explains the studies on diet and why, at least for some people, the current recommendations are exactly the wrong advice. I recommend it to people who want more information and who can't lose weight or lower their cholesterol no matter how little fat they eat or how much they run.

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